Mimikatz

About Modules and Commands

Modules -

  • crypto: This modules deals with the Microsoft Crypto Magic world.

  • dpapi: The Data Protection Application Programming Interface module. Consider this as an opsec safe option for getting credentials.

  • event: this module deals with the Windows Event logs (to clear footprints after compromise).

  • kerberos: This module deals with the kerberos lol.

  • lsadump: this module contains some well known functionalities of Mimikatz such as DCSync, DCShadow, dumping of SAM and LSA Secrets.

  • misc: The miscellaneous module contains functionalities such as PetitPotam, PrintNightmare RPC Print Spooler and others.

  • net: some functionalities in this module are similar to the Windows net commands. Enumerating sessions and servers configured with different types of Kerberos delegations is also included.

  • privilege: This module deals with the Windows privileges. It includes the favorite debug privilege which holds the keys to LSASS.

  • process: This module deal with Windows processes. It can also be used for process injection and parent process spoofing.

  • rpc: The Remote Procedure Call module of Mimikatz. It can also be used for controlling Mimikatz remotely.

  • sekurlsa: The most beloved module of Mimikatz. Even the maker of Mimikatz (Benjamin) has mentioned in the past that one day people will discover that Mimikatz is more than sekurlsa::logonpasswords.

  • service: This module can interact with Windows services plus installing the mimikatzsvc service.

  • sid: This module deals with the Security Identifier.

  • standard: This module contains some general functionalities which are not related to exploitation.

  • token: This module deals with the Windows tokens (who does not really like elevating to NT AUTHORITY\ SYSTEM).

  • ts: This module deals with the Terminal Services. It can be an alternative for getting clear-text passwords.

  • vault: This module dumps passwords saved in the Windows Vault.

Commands -

crypto

  • crypto::capi patches CryptoAPI layer for easy export (Experimental ⚠️)

  • crypto::certificates lists or exports certificates

  • crypto::certtohw tries to export a software CA to a crypto (virtual) hardware

  • crypto::cng patches the CNG (Cryptography API: Next Generation) service for easy export (Experimental ⚠️)

  • crypto::extract extracts keys from the CAPI RSA/AES provider (Experimental ⚠️)

  • crypto::hash hashes a password in the main formats (NT, DCC1, DCC2, LM, MD5, SHA1, SHA2) with the username being an optional value

  • crypto::keys lists or exports key containers

  • crypto::providers lists cryptographic providers

  • crypto::sc lists smartcard/token reader(s) on, or deported to, the system. When the CSP (Cryptographic Service Provider) is available, it tries to list keys on the smartcard

  • crypto::scauth it creates a authentication certificate (smartcard like) from a CA

  • crypto::stores lists cryptographic stores

  • crypto::system it describes a Windows System Certificate

  • crypto::tpminfo displays information for the Microsoft's TPM Platform Crypto Provider

dpapi

  • dpapi::blob describes a DPAPI blob and unprotects/decrypts it with API or Masterkey

  • dpapi::cache displays the credential cache of the DPAPI module

  • dpapi::capi decrypts a CryptoAPI private key file

  • dpapi::chrome dumps stored credentials and cookies from Chrome

  • dpapi::cloudapkd is undocumented at the moment

  • dpapi::cloudapreg dumps azure credentials by querying the following registry location

  • dpapi::cng decrypts a given CNG private key file

  • dpapi::create creates a DPAPI Masterkey file from raw key and metadata

  • dpapi::cred decrypts DPAPI saved credential such as RDP, Scheduled tasks, etc (cf. dumping DPAPI secrets)

  • dpapi::credhist describes a Credhist file

  • dpapi::luna decrypts Safenet LunaHSM KSP

  • dpapi::masterkey describes a Masterkey file and unprotects each Masterkey (key depending). In other words, it can decrypt and request masterkeys from active directory

  • dpapi::protect protects data via a DPAPI call

  • dpapi::ps decrypts PowerShell credentials (PSCredentials or SecureString)

  • dpapi::rdg decrypts Remote Desktop Gateway saved passwords

  • dpapi::sccm is used to decrypt saved SCCM credentials

  • dpapi::ssh extracts OpenSSH private keys

  • dpapi::tpm decrypts TPM PCP key file (Microsoft's TPM Platform Crypto Provider (PCP))

  • dpapi::vault decrypts DPAPI vault credentials from the Credential Store

  • dpapi::wifi decrypts saved Wi-Fi passwords

  • dpapi::wwman decrypts Wwan credentials

event

  • event::clear clears a specified event log

  • event::drop patches event services to avoid new events ( ⚠️ experimental)

kerberos

  • kerberos::ask can be used to obtain Service Tickets. The Windows native command is klist get

  • kerberos::clist lists tickets in MIT/Heimdall ccache format. It can be useful with other tools (i.e. ones that support Pass the Cache)

  • kerberos::golden can be used to forge golden and silver tickets. It can also be used for forging inter-realm trust keys

  • kerberos::hash computes the different types of Kerberos keys for a given password

  • kerberos::list has a similar functionality to klist command without requiring elevated privileges. Unlike sekurlsa::tickets, this module does not interact with LSASS

  • kerberos::ptc can be used to pass the cache. This is similar to kerberos::ptt that does pass the ticket but is different in the sense that the ticket used is a .ccache ticket instead of a .kirbi one

  • kerberos::ptt is used for passing the ticket by injecting one or may Kerberos tickets in the current session. The ticket can either be a TGT (Ticket-Granting Ticket) or an ST (Service Ticket)

  • kerberos::purge purges all kerberos tickets similar to klist purge

  • kerberos::tgt retrieves a TGT (Ticket-Granting Ticket) for the current user

lsadump

  • lsadump::backupkeys dumps the DPAPI backup keys from the Domain Controller (cf. dumping DPAPI secrets)

  • lsadump::cache can be used to enumerate Domain Cached Credentials from registry. It does so by acquiring the SysKey to decrypt NL$KM (binary protected value) and then MSCache(v1/v2)

  • lsadump::changentlm can be used to change the password of a user

  • lsadump::dcshadow TODO

  • lsadump::dcsync can be used to do a DCSync and retrieve domain secrets. This command uses the Directory Replication Service Remote protocol (MS-DRSR) to request from a domain controller to synchronize a specified entry

  • lsadump::lsa extracts hashes from memory by asking the LSA server. The patch or inject takes place on the fly

  • lsadump::mbc dumps the Machine Bound Certificate. Devices on which Credential Guard is enabled are using Machine Bound Certificates

  • lsadump::netsync can be used to act as a Domain Controller on a target by doing a Silver Ticket. It then leverages the Netlogon to request the RC4 key (i.e. NT hash) of the target computer account

  • lsadump::packages lists the available Windows authentication mechanisms

  • lsadump::postzerologon is a procedure to update AD domain password and its local stored password remotely mimic netdom resetpwd

  • lsadump::RpData can retrieve private data (at the time of writing, Nov 1st 2021, we have no idea what this does or refers to 🤷‍♂️)

  • lsadump::sam dumps the local Security Account Manager (SAM) NT hashes (cf. SAM secrets dump)

  • lsadump::secrets can be used to dump LSA secrets from the registries. It retrieves the SysKey to decrypt Secrets entries

  • lsadump::setntlm can be used to perform a password reset without knowing the user's current password. It can be useful during an active directory Access Control (ACL) abuse scenario

  • lsadump::trust can be used for dumping the forest trust keys. Forest trust keys can be leveraged for forging inter-realm trust tickets. Since most of the EDRs are paying attention to the KRBTGT hash, this is a stealthy way to compromise forest trusts

  • lsadump::zerologon detects and exploits the ZeroLogon vulnerability

misc

net

  • net::alias displays more information about the local group memberships including Remote Desktop Users, Distributed COM Users, etc

  • net::deleg checks for the following types of Kerberos delegations

  • net::group displays the local groups

  • net::if displays the available local IP addresses and the hostname

  • net::serverinfo displays information about the logged in server

  • net::session displays the active sessions through NetSessionEnum() Win32 API function

  • net::share displays the available shares

  • net::stats displays when the target was booted

  • net::tod displays the current time

  • net::trust displays information for the active directory forest trust(s)

  • net::user displays the local users

  • net::wsession displays the active sessions through NetWkstaUserEnum() Win32 API function

privilege

  • privilege::backup requests the backup privilege (SeBackupPrivilege)

  • privilege::debug requests the debug privilege (SeDebugPrivilege)

  • privilege::driver requests the load driver privilege (SeLoadDriverPrivilege)

  • privilege::id requests a privilege by its id

  • privilege::name requests a privilege by its name

  • privilege::restore requests the restore privilege (SeRestorePrivilege)

  • privilege::security requests the security privilege (SeSecurityPrivilege)

  • privilege::sysenv requests the system environment privilege (SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege)

  • privilege::tcb requests the tcb privilege (SeTcbPrivilege)

process

rpc

  • rpc::close closes remote RPC sessions

  • rpc::connect connects to an RPC endpoint

  • rpc::enum enumerates RPC endpoints on a system

  • rpc::server starts an RPC server

sekurlsa

  • sekurlsa::backupkeys lists the preferred Backup Master keys

  • sekurlsa::bootkey sets the SecureKernel Boot Key and attempts to decrypt LSA Isolated credentials

  • sekurlsa::cloudap lists Azure (Primary Refresh Token) credentials based on the following research: Digging further into the Primary Refresh Token. According to Benjamin:

  • sekurlsa::credman lists Credentials Manager by targeting the Microsoft Local Security Authority Server DLL (lsasrv.dll)

  • sekurlsa::dpapi lists DPAPI cached masterkeys

  • sekurlsa::dpapisystem lists the DPAPI_SYSTEM secret key

  • sekurlsa::ekeys lists Kerberos encryption keys

  • sekurlsa::kerberos lists Kerberos credentials

  • sekurlsa::krbtgt retrieves the krbtgt RC4 (i.e. NT hash), AES128 and AES256 hashes

  • sekurlsa::livessp lists LiveSSP credentials. According to Microsoft, the LiveSSP provider is included by default in Windows 8 and later and is included in the Office 365 Sign-in Assistant

  • sekurlsa::logonpasswords lists all available provider credentials. This usually shows recently logged on user and computer credentials

  • sekurlsa::minidump can be used against a dumped LSASS process file and it does not require administrative privileges. It's considered as an "offline" dump

  • sekurlsa::msv dumps and lists the NT hash (and other secrets) by targeting the MSV1_0 Authentication Package

  • sekurlsa::process switches (or reinits) to LSASS process context. It can be used after sekurlsa::minidump

  • sekurlsa::pth performs Pass-the-Hash, Pass-the-Key and Over-Pass-the-Hash. Upon successful authentication, a program is run (n.b. defaulted to cme.exe)

  • sekurlsa::ssp lists Security Support Provider (SSP) credentials

  • sekurlsa::tickets lists Kerberos tickets belonging to all authenticated users on the target server/workstation. Unlike kerberos::list, sekurlsa uses memory reading and is not subject to key export restrictions. Sekurlsa can also access tickets of others sessions (users)

  • sekurlsa::trust retrieves the forest trust keys

  • sekurlsa::tspkg lists TsPkg credentials. This credentials provider is used for Terminal Server Authentication

  • sekurlsa::wdigest lists WDigest credentials. According to Microsoft, WDigest.dll was introduced in the Windows XP operating system

service

  • service::- removes the mimikatzsvc service

  • service::+ installs the mimikatzsvc service by issuing rpc::server service::me exit

  • service::preshutdown pre-shuts down a specified service by sending a SERVICE_CONTROL_PRESHUTDOWN signal

  • service::remove removes the specified service (It must be used with caution)

  • service::resume resumes a specified service, after successful suspending, by sending a SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE signal

  • service::shutdown shuts down a specified service by sending a SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN signal

  • service::start starts a service

  • service::stop stops a specified service by sending a SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP signal

  • service::suspend suspends the specified service. It sends a SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE signal

sid

  • sid::add adds a SID to sIDHistory of an object

  • sid::clear clears the sIDHistory of a target object

  • sid::lookup looks up an object by its SID or name

  • sid::modify modifies an object's SID

  • sid::patch patchs the NTDS (NT Directory Services). It's useful when running id::modify or sid::add

  • sid::query queries an object by its SID or name

standard

  • standard::answer or answer provides an answer to The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything! 🌠

  • standard::base64 or base64 switches file input/output to base64

  • standard::cd or cd can change or display the current directory. The changed directory is used for saving files

  • standard::cls or cls clears the screen

  • standard::coffee or coffee is the most important command of all

  • standard::exit or exit quits Mimikatz after clearing routines

  • standard::hostname or hostname displays system local hostname

  • standard::localtime or localtime displays system local date and time

  • standard::log or log logs mimikatz input/output to a file

  • standard::sleep or sleep make Mimikatz sleep an amount of milliseconds

  • standard::version or version displays the version in use of Mimikatz

token

  • token::elevate can be used to impersonate a token. By default it will elevate permissions to NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

  • token::list lists all tokens on the system

  • token::revert reverts to the previous token

  • token::run executes a process with its token

  • token::whoami displays the current token

ts

  • ts::logonpasswords extracts clear text credentials from RDP running sessions (server side)

  • ts::mstsc extracts cleartext credentials from the mstsc process (client side)

  • ts::multirdp enables multiple RDP connections on the target server

  • ts::remote performs RDP takeover/hijacking of active sessions

  • ts::sessions lists the current RDP sessions. It comes in handy for RDP hijacking

vault

  • vault::cred enumerates vault credentials

  • vault::list lists saved credentials in the Windows Vault such as scheduled tasks, RDP, Internet Explorer for the current user

credits - https://tools.thehacker.recipes/mimikatz/modules

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